(a) In general. This section provides rules for determining the order in which adjustments to a return are taken into account for the purpose of computing the total amount of penalties imposed under sections 6662 and 6663, where—
(1) There is at least one adjustment with respect to which no penalty has been imposed and at least one with respect to which a penalty has been imposed, or
(2) There are at least two adjustments with respect to which penalties have been imposed and they have been imposed at different rates.
(b) Order in which adjustments are taken into account. In computing the portions of an underpayment subject to penalties imposed under sections 6662 and 6663, adjustments to a return are considered made in the following order:
(1) Those with respect to which no penalties have been imposed.
(2) Those with respect to which a penalty has been imposed at a 20 percent rate (i.e., a penalty for negligence or disregard of rules or regulations, substantial understatement of income tax, or substantial valuation misstatement, under sections 6662(b)(1) through 6662(b)(3), respectively).
(3) Those with respect to which a penalty has been imposed at a 40 percent rate (i.e., a penalty for a gross valuation misstatement under sections 6662 (b)(3) and (h)).
(4) Those with respect to which a penalty has been imposed at a 75 percent rate (i.e., a penalty for fraud under section 6663).
(c) Manner in which unclaimed prepayment credits are allocated. Any income tax withholding or other payment made before a return was filed, that was neither claimed on the return nor previously allowed as a credit against the tax liability for the taxable year (an “unclaimed prepayment credit”), is allocated as follows—
(1) If an unclaimed prepayment credit is allocable to a particular adjustment, such credit is applied in full in determining the amount of the underpayment resulting from such adjustment.
(2) If an unclaimed prepayment credit is not allocable to a particular adjustment, such credit is applied in accordance with the ordering rules set forth in paragraph (b) of this section.
(d) Examples. The following examples illustrate the rules of this 1.6664-3. These examples do not take into account the reasonable cause exception to the accuracy-related penalty under § 1.6664-4.
A and B, husband and wife, filed a joint federal income tax return for calendar year 1989, reporting taxable income of $15,800 and a tax liability of $2,374. A and B had no amounts previously assessed (or collected without assessment) and no rebates had been made. Subsequently, the return was examined and the following adjustments and penalties were agreed to:
| Adjustment #1 (No penalty imposed) | $1,000 | |
| Adjustment #2 (Substantial understatement penalty imposed) | 40,000 | |
| Adjustment #3 (Civil fraud penalty imposed) | 45,000 | |
| Total adjustments | $86,000 | |
| Taxable income shown on return | 15,800 | |
| Taxable income as corrected | $101,800 | |
| Computation of underpayment: | ||
| Tax imposed by subtitle A | $25,828 | |
| Tax shown on return | $2,374 | |
| Previous assessments | None | |
| Rebates | None | |
| Balance | $2,374 | |
| Underpayment | $23,454 |
Computation of the portions of the underpayment on which penalties under section 6662(b)(2) and section 6663 are imposed:
Step 1 Determine the portion, if any, of the underpayment on which no accuracy-related or fraud penalty is imposed:
| Taxable income shown on return | $15,800 |
| Adjustment #1 | 1,000 |
| “Adjusted” taxable income | $16,800 |
| Tax on “adjusted” taxable income | $2,524 |
| Tax shown on return | 2,374 |
| Portion of underpayment on which no penalty is imposed | $150 |
Step 2 Determine the portion, if any, of the underpayment on which a penalty of 20 percent is imposed:
| “Adjusted” taxable income from step 1 | $16,800 |
| Adjustment #2 | 40,000 |
| “Adjusted” taxable income | 56,800 |
| Tax on “adjusted” taxable income | $11,880 |
| Tax on “adjusted” taxable income from step 1 | $2,524 |
| Portion of underpayment on which 20 percent penalty is imposed | $9,356 |
Step 3 Determine the portion, if any, of the underpayment on which a penalty of 75 percent is imposed:
| Total underpayment | $23,454 | |
| Less the sum of the portions of such underpayment determined in: | ||
| Step 1 | $150 | |
| Step 2 | 9,356 | |
| Total | $9,506 | |
| Portion of underpayment on which 75 percent penalty is imposed | $13,948 |
The facts are the same as in Example 1 except that the taxpayers failed to claim on their return a credit of $1,500 for income tax withheld on unreported additional income that resulted in Adjustment #2. Because the unclaimed prepayment credit is allocable to Adjustment #2, the portion of the underpayment attributable to that adjustment is $7,856 ($9,356—$1,500). The portions of the underpayment attributable to Adjustments #1 and #3 remain the same.
The facts are the same as in Example 1 except that the taxpayers made a timely estimated tax payment of $1,500 for 1989 which they failed to claim (and which the Service had not previously allowed). This unclaimed prepayment credit is not allocable to any particular adjustment. Therefore, the credit is allocated first to the portion of the underpayment on which no penalty is imposed ($150). The remaining amount ($1,350) is allocated next to the 20 percent penalty portion of the underpayment ($9,356). Thus, the portion of the underpayment that is not penalized is zero ($150—$150), the portion subject to a 20 percent penalty is $8,006 ($9,356—$1,350) and the portion subject to a 75 percent penalty is unchanged at $13,948.
The preliminary Code is a preliminary release of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the "Code") by the Office of the Law Revision Counsel and is subject to further revision before it is released again as a final version. The source of the preliminary Code used in TouchTax is available here: https://uscode.house.gov/download/download.shtml. The Code is a consolidation and codification by subject matter of the general and permanent laws of the U.S. prepared by the Office of the Law Revision Counsel of the U.S. House of Representatives. The Treasury Regulations are a codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the departments and agencies of the federal government. The version of the Treasury Regulations available within TouchTax is part of the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations which is not an official legal edition of the Code of Federal Regulations but is an editorial compilation of CFR material and Federal Register amendments produced by the National Archives and Records Administration's Office of the Federal Register (OFR) and the Government Publishing Office. The source of the CFR used in TouchTax is available here: https://www.govinfo.gov/bulkdata/ECFR/title-26. Those using TouchTax for legal research should verify their results against the printed versions of the Code and Treasury Regulations. TouchTax is copyright 2024 by Com-Lab (Mobile). Learn more at http://touchtax.edrich.de.